Civil Engineering Blog

 B15 The different types of Concrete generally used in typical Construction of structures are as follows: Sulphate Resisting Concrete (SRC)/ Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) – Used for non-structural works such as Blinding, Screeding, and Protection works. Generally, this is low strength concrete with a mixed design of M15 or M20. Microsilica Concrete – Typically used for Substructure Construction. Microsilica Concrete is generally preferred for elements in contact with soil or water. This type of Concrete is preferred in Rafts, Basement Slabs, Piles and Pile Caps, Retaining walls, etc. High Strength Concrete – This type of concrete does not have any special additive but is designed for load-bearing elements such as Columns, Shear walls, transfer beams, etc. Mix designs may vary from M45 to M70 based on strength requirements. Waterproof Concrete – In this type of concrete, a waterproof admixture is added to concrete during batching to impart waterproofing properties in concrete. This ty...

 B14 The following is written from an Australian perspective. I was part of the committee which wrote the standard for masonry testing. Technically, (in at least one respect) the material is the concrete. What you buy the concrete as is up to you. It could be solid or hollow. As others have said, the blockwork can be reinforced, however, at least here, the blocks which are core-filled / grouted are usually a different shape to those which are left unfilled. The reason being that it provides a more monolithic structural element. And provides better cover for the reinforcement. Typical hollow masonry units look like this. The one on the top LHS is a “flush ended” block usually used unfilled. The one to its right is an “H pattern” block, typically used reinforced and core filled. Reinforced masonry blocks are usually made of stronger material than their unreinforced cousins. In terms of fire resistance, it is usually expected that fire-rated blocks will be made with basaltic aggregate...

B13 Brick is a major component of building construction. There are many types of brick shapes currently available in the market. These brick shapes are used to improve the aesthetic appearance of the building Brick shapes The brick shapes can be classified into different types they are 1. Bullnose brick Bullnose brick is the brick with one rounded angle. The connection formed when a wall finishes a turn is called quoin. Bullnose brick is used to make rounded  construction purposes . This is one of the commonly used brick shapes. If two sides of the brick are rounded then it is known as double bullnose bricks. The bullnose bricks are shown in the above picture. 2. Channel bricks Channel bricks are made in the shape of the channel. The channel bricks are used for drainage purposes. The Channel bricks are shown in the above picture. 3. Cow nose bricks Hollow bricks are also known as cavity bricks. Hollow bricks have a wall thickness of 20cm to 25cm. Hollow bricks are the most used bri...

 B12 Akashi-Kaikyo Bridge is the longest span bridge in the world, located in Akashi Strait between Kobe and Awaji Island in Hyogo Pref. The total and central span lengths are 3,911m and 1991m respectively. The suspension bridge connects the city of Kobe (mainland of Honshu) to Iwaya (Awaji Island) in Japan. The spectacular view of the bridge in the night resulted in the name, Pearl Bridge. The bridge was opened to traffic on 5 April 1998. It has six lanes of roadway, three in each direction. It consists of three spans. The length of the central span is 1,991m, currently the longest span for a suspension bridge. The end spans are 960m long each. The bridge is located at a height of 280m from the sea level. Construction of the bridge began in May 1988 and took nearly ten years to complete. The foundation depth of the bridge is equivalent to that of a 20-story apartment. The total cost incurred for the bridge completion was $4.3bn. Please circulate to the civil Engg & Architect g...

B11 DENSITY: Jelly : 455 Kg/ M 3 River sand : 794 Kg/ M 3 Total water : 176 Kg/ M 3 Admixture : 0.7% Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M 3 M25 ( 1 : 2.28 : 3.27) Cement : 340 Kg/ M 3 20 mm Jelly : 667 Kg/ M 3 12.5 mm Jelly : 445 Kg/ M 3 River sand : 775 Kg/ M 3 Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3 Admixture : 0.6% Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M 3 Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water185 -20.5 = 164 Liters, Admixture = 0.5% is 100ml M30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87) Cement : 380 Kg/ M 3 20 mm Jelly : 654 Kg/ M 3 12.5 mm Jelly : 436 Kg/ M 3 River sand : 760 Kg/ M 3 Total water : 187 Kg/ M 3 Admixture : 0.7% Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M 3 Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture (170.80+15.20) STANDARD CONVERSION FACTORS: INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE FOOT = 0.3048 METRE YARD = 0.9144 METRE MILE = 1.6093 KILOMETER ACRE = 0.4047 HECTARE POUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAM DEGREE FARENHEIT X 5/9 – 32 = DEGREE CELSIUS MILLIMETRE= 0.0394 INCH METRE = 3.2808FOOT METRE = 1.0936YARD MATERIAL CALCULATION: CEMENT IN BAGS 01. PCC 1:5:10 1...