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COMMON ABBREVIATIONS USED IN CONSTRUCTION BLUEPRINTS.

B18 Q: Why are Abbreviations used? A:  Construction blueprints, also called construction plans or drawings, are full of abbreviations and acronyms to save space and neaten the overall appearance of the presentation. Remembering all of this shorthand can be tricky, especially when this is added to the challenge of reading all the symbols and deciphering the conventions that might be used by a particular draftsperson or designer. Fortunately, many blueprint abbreviations have widely accepted meanings and are used in all sorts of blueprints, from framing plans to engineering drawings. Abbreviations are often used to facilitate and shorten written narratives. This is an acceptable practice as long as it is universally recognized and understood abbreviations are used. Examples Alphabetically: A: AB: Air Brick ABR: Alternate Bars Reversed AC: Alternating current or air conditioning ACOP: Approved code of practice AGG: Aggregate AISTRUCTE: Associate of the Institution of Structural E...

BASIC INFORMATION FOR CIVIL ENGINEER

B11 DENSITY: Jelly : 455 Kg/ M 3 River sand : 794 Kg/ M 3 Total water : 176 Kg/ M 3 Admixture : 0.7% Fresh concrete density: 2430 Kg/ M 3 M25 ( 1 : 2.28 : 3.27) Cement : 340 Kg/ M 3 20 mm Jelly : 667 Kg/ M 3 12.5 mm Jelly : 445 Kg/ M 3 River sand : 775 Kg/ M 3 Total water : 185 Kg/ M 3 Admixture : 0.6% Fresh concrete density: 2414 Kg/ M 3 Note: sand 775 + 2% moisture, Water185 -20.5 = 164 Liters, Admixture = 0.5% is 100ml M30 ( 1 : 2 : 2.87) Cement : 380 Kg/ M 3 20 mm Jelly : 654 Kg/ M 3 12.5 mm Jelly : 436 Kg/ M 3 River sand : 760 Kg/ M 3 Total water : 187 Kg/ M 3 Admixture : 0.7% Fresh concrete density: 2420 Kg/ M 3 Note: Sand = 760 Kg with 2% moisture (170.80+15.20) STANDARD CONVERSION FACTORS: INCH = 25.4 MILLIMETRE FOOT = 0.3048 METRE YARD = 0.9144 METRE MILE = 1.6093 KILOMETER ACRE = 0.4047 HECTARE POUND = 0.4536 KILOGRAM DEGREE FARENHEIT X 5/9 – 32 = DEGREE CELSIUS MILLIMETRE= 0.0394 INCH METRE = 3.2808FOOT METRE = 1.0936YARD MATERIAL CALCULATION: CEMENT IN BAGS 01. PCC 1:5:10 1...